Every year on November 3rd, Japan celebrates Bunka no Hi (文化の日), or Culture Day. This national holiday gives an opportunity for the Japanese people to celebrate their culture, historical achievements, and artistic creativity. It’s a day made to appreciate the richness of the diverse cultural heritage and provides a moment for reflection on the contributions of Japanese culture, encourages the promotion of art and education, and showcases modern and traditional talents. Let’s dive into how this day came to be and how you can join in on appreciating all that Japan has to offer, and maybe Culture Day will become your favorite holiday too!
The History of Bunka no Hi
Bunka no Hi traces its roots back to Meiji Setsu (明治節), a holiday founded in 1927 to celebrate the birthday of Emperor Meiji, who reigned from 1867 to 1912. Emperor Meiji was a key figure in Japan’s modernization and transformation from a feudal society into a more progressive and industrialized nation. However, post-World War II, Japan underwent a major transformation. In 1948, Bunka no Hi replaced Meiji Setsu as part of the country’s post-war reforms, acknowledging the significance of culture and peace in reconstructing a prosperous and amicable society.
The Prestigious Order of Culture Award
One of the major highlights of Culture Day is the presentation of the Order of Culture (文化勲章, Bunka Kunshō) by the Emperor of Japan. This prestigious honor is awarded to individuals who have made exceptional contributions to advancing Japanese culture, the arts, and academia. Recipients can be from any discipline whether it’s literature, science, music, or even technological change. The award ceremony, held at the Imperial Palace, is a formal and significant event in the national calendar, often receiving media attention for its celebration of Japanese talent and genius.
Commemorative photograph of the recipients of the Order of Culture – Photo Credit: 内閣府
How do People Celebrate Bunka no Hi?
While the official ceremonies, such as the Order of Culture award presentation, take place in Tokyo, Bunka no Hi is widely celebrated throughout Japan. Schools, museums, and cultural institutions host a variety of events aimed at highlighting Japan’s artistic and academic achievements. Here’s how people across Japan celebrate the day:
Cultural Exhibitions and Festivals
Across the country, various exhibitions and festivals are organized to showcase Japan’s artistic talents. Museums and galleries hold special exhibitions that highlight traditional crafts like origami, ikebana (flower arranging), sado (tea ceremony), and shodo (calligraphy). Many of these events are free to the public or discounted, encouraging everyone to engage with the arts.
Additionally, local communities often host bunka-sai (文化祭), or cultural festivals, which include everything from theater performances to culinary showcases, dance presentations, and music concerts. These festivals are lively and interactive, offering visitors a chance to try hands-on activities, watch live performances, and sample traditional Japanese foods.
Ikebana: The Peaceful Art of Harmonizing Nature and Beauty – Photo Credit: James Lau
School and University Cultural Festivals
Japanese schools, from elementary to universities, often hold their cultural festivals, known as gakuensai (学園祭), in the days leading up to and around Culture Day. Students take the lead in organizing these events, which showcase their talents in music, theater, visual arts, and creative writing. These school festivals are open to the public and are highly anticipated by students and parents alike.
During these festivals, classrooms are transformed into exhibits, cafés, or stages for performances. You might find students playing in bands, putting on theater productions, or hosting traditional tea ceremonies for visitors. The energy of these school events reflects the importance of creativity and self-expression within Japanese education.
A School Festival at a High School in Kagoshima – Photo Credit: Sanjo on Wikipedia
Parades and outdoor performances
Many cities and towns hold parades to celebrate Culture Day, often featuring traditional taiko drumming, martial arts demonstrations like kendo and aikido, and displays of traditional Japanese dress, such as kimono and yukata. These parades celebrate both Japan’s historical heritage and its vibrant modern culture, with participants often blending traditional customs with contemporary arts.
Tokyo’s Meiji Shrine Autumn Festival is one of the most notable events during Bunka no Hi. The festival includes classical Japanese performances, such as bugaku (ancient court dance) and noh (classical theater), set against the serene backdrop of the Meiji Shrine. The cultural richness of these performances brings visitors from across Japan and beyond.
Tennoji Bugaku (Shoryo-e Bugaku) – Photo Credit: the KANSAI guide
Museums and Art Galleries: Free Admission
Many of Japan’s public museums and art galleries offer free or discounted admission on Bunka no Hi, allowing people from all walks of life to engage with Japan’s artistic and historical treasures. The Tokyo National Museum, Kyoto National Museum, and National Museum of Nature and Science are some of the institutions that open their doors for free or at a reduced rate, making it an ideal day for families and students to explore the cultural landmarks of Japan. You can find more information here.
Bunka no Hi is more than just a national holiday; it’s a celebration of the past and present in Japan. From its ancient artistic traditions to modern scientific achievements, the day embodies the country’s respect for creativity, learning, and cultural harmony. Whether through award ceremonies, festivals, parades, or educational events, Bunka no Hi provides an opportunity for everyone to celebrate the diverse cultural fabric that makes Japan unique. It’s a day that reminds us of the power of culture to connect the past and the future while fostering a society built on peace and understanding.
Featured Photo Credit: Shubert Ciencia
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